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虽然是一个懒妈，但每次在带小朋友过程中碰到的问题却总让我觉得不得不勤快起来。因为要知道对于小小孩，常规的理智和方法是会失效的，所以父母会经常需要学习新的专业的针对小小孩的知识。
书是很好的途径之一，对于懒妈来说，专家面对面的解惑会是更有效和快速的方法。于是灵机一动，懒妈跟小朋友幼儿园的园长约访了一下，超级辣妈园长很爽快答应了，只是园长辣妈白天管理幼儿园晚上还在大学教幼教专业课程。所以要特别感谢园长辣妈在百忙之中接受我们的采访和提问。
在进入正文前先补充介绍下，小朋友现在所在的一所私立的教会学校幼儿园，这个私立学校有从幼儿园一直到高中的设置。
众所周知，美国教育分为公立和私立的，最大的区别就是在于MONEY啦~然后，幼儿园全部都是私立的。
在美国幼儿园从教育理念来说大致分为两类吧，一类是主张以玩为主的playbase的幼儿园，一类是更侧重知识学习的类似蒙特梭利montessori的幼儿园。
之前在为小朋友选幼儿园的时候懒妈还是做过一定研究的，大家要是感兴趣可以另外单独写一篇详细介绍。所以如果感兴趣有什么问题尽情留言吧。
问：现在中国很重视早教，关于这一点美国是怎么看待早期教育，您觉得在整个教育过程中幼儿早期教育是处于怎样的地位呢？
答：我认为教育是所有国家所有文化都重视的事情，但是美国会更注重“玩”与“学”的平衡，因为小孩天性是爱玩的，将“学”寓于“玩”，会让学习过程更为快乐也更有效。美国的教育理念，更希望小朋友是全面发展的，因此教育的内容也是为日后的发展打下各方面的基础，但是社会情绪发展（Social-Emotional Development）会是最基本也是最主要的关注点。
懒妈认为这应该就是国内通常所说的情商的培养。
问：作为大学教授以及幼儿园园长，您在幼儿早期教育领域拥有丰富的理论知识和一手的教学经验，那么您认为什么是幼儿阶段教育最重要的内容呢？
答：如果将教育比喻成一座金字塔，那么社会情绪发展是最重要的基础层，所有人类的学习认知行为都是基于这一能力的培养，现在也有相关研究已经完全证实了这一点。所以毫无疑问社会情绪发展绝对是幼儿早期教育的关键点。
问：那为了实现对于社会情绪发展的培养，您可以给我们介绍一下您在幼儿园日常教育中所使用的教学方法么？
答：以我所在的幼儿园为例，日常教育活动的安排是平衡了小朋友独自玩耍学习，小群体游戏，大群体学习游戏而设计，而且整个环境都是在高质量的教育者也就是老师的组织安排和鼓励激发下实现的。
具体附上幼儿园日程表
（懒妈注：其实每个班的schedule都差不多，时间安排上略有差别，因为会让大班和小班的小朋友分开出去玩，避免出现意外。因为是教会幼儿园，所以会多一个介绍圣经的时间Bible，Circle Time一般就是教东西，workshops会一起做手工，然后幼儿园里面有各种各样的玩具，老师会带着小朋友一起唱歌跳舞玩游戏。）
问：我们注意到在小孩成长过程中，最让人头疼莫过于2-3岁这个阶段，这也就是通常所说的“Terrible 2 and Horrible 3”，对此您有什么好的建议么？
答：关于这一点，我们按照教育金字塔模式方法培训我们的老师加强对小朋友社会情绪发展教育，让小朋友有机会从书本及游戏中学习并了解自己的情绪，从而在一定程度上避免2-3过程所出现的行为问题。
关于金字塔教育模式理论，懒妈特意补充问了一下辣妈园长，园长给了个网址，有需要的妈妈也可以去看一下http://www.cainclusion.org/. 懒妈截了个图，这个教育金字塔分为四层，主要是针对教育者的培训，强调在教育过程中让小朋友认识并理解自己的情绪，从而学习方法进行化解。
问：现在关于幼儿早期教育的理念很多，比如更侧重知识学习的蒙特梭利，还有以玩带学之类的，对此您有什么建议，怎么才能让家长选择更适合自己小孩的幼儿园呢？
答：其实，所有的教育理念和方法都可以综合起来使用，为小朋友提供更高质量的学习方法。所以关于具体选择哪一种，我的建议是每个小朋友都不一样，家长们应该根据自己小孩的学习发展实际情况，通过“最佳实践”（best practices）进行选择。
问：我们了解到您个人是比较强调“玩”在教育学习过程中所起到的作用，那您觉得什么时候应该加重知识学习的比例呢？
答：我认为知识学习是“玩学”的一部分，他们是整体的统一，而不应该是分开讨论的两样东西。
问：您不仅是大学教授，幼儿园园长还是一位拥有两个孩子的母亲，在我看来单单一样就已经是“不可能的任务”了，您能跟我们分享一下您是如何成功做到这些的么？（要知道在中国经常是一个小孩配4个大人，但有时候还是经常搞不定。）
答：我很感谢我的父母，以及来自我家庭的支持和帮助。我想养育小孩在任何国家任何文化中都不是一件易事，特别是还有工作在身。对于我而言，特别的感谢可能就是在我工作的时候有个很好的幼儿园可以照顾他们：P。（注，园长的两个小孩就在这个幼儿园。）
问：最后，您能给家长们一些建议么？能更好地配合学校给小朋友一个更好的童年？
答：我觉得每个家长可以做的最好的事情就是让自己的小孩尽情玩，在充满爱与快乐的环境中成长对于小朋友日后的发展和成材是很关键的，这也是每个家长都应该也都能做到的。
另附英文原文：
1. In China now people value early education more and more important, what do American people think about early education,like preschool? And how will they( the early education)affect the kids? I think that both cultures and countries value education, but the American perspective relies heavily on equally valuing the joy and playfulness that childhood naturally provides. American’s want to ensure that the child is “well rounded” in that there is focus on the development of the whole child that includes emphasis on educational support in all developmental domains, with a primary focus on Social-Emotional Development.
2. Based on your experience in preschool-teaching, what do you think is the most important thing in preschool education? Based on my education and experience, I believe that Social Emotional Development. In thinking of education as a pyramid. Social Emotional Development is the foundation that allows for all other learning to occur. Current research is solidifying this perspective as well.
3. And could you please introduce us the methods you use to achieve your goal of preschool education? Like what would you do in the real daily teaching? And also your principles. The preschool day is organized into a balanced approach to learning that includes individual play, small group play, and large group play, all in a stimulating and intentional learning environment organized and managed by high quality educators.
4. Preschoolers are in their Terrible 2 and Horrible 3, what do you do to settle these problems? We implement The Teaching Pyramid Model to teach Social Emotional Development that provides the children an opportunity to learn emotional literacy to avoid these behavioral challenges.
5. There are always different opinions of early education, we know here in America playbase and monterssori are two of the popular ones, what do you think of them? Can you give us some advice on how to choose the right one for our kids? I rely heavily on “best practices” based on what we know regarding how children develop and learn. All the approaches and philosophies that we know can now be integrated to provide a high quality approach to learning.
6. Talking about playbase, in your opinion when will be a good time to kick in academic focus? I believe that the academic piece is integrated into play based learning. They are not two separate things.
7. You are also a mon of two kids, can you share with us the way you teach them? In China basically there are 4 adults behind one kids, parents and grandparents, but even so, sometimes it’s still a hard job. We are so curious about the secret of foreign parents who usually have more than one kids and working at the same time. I too rely on my parents, and extended family for support. It is not easy in any culture to raise children, especially while working. I am blessed to have a wonderful school to care for my children while I work.
8. Can you give some suggestions for the parents, what should they do together to give kids a better childhood? I think the best thing that any parent can do is allow their child to play. It is what is best, and we know now that children can develop and grow into successful adults with a loving and playful approach to growing.
文章转自微信公众号：硅谷妈咪
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发表于 2017-7-27 18:13:14
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